{"id":1741,"date":"2020-01-24T16:42:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-24T14:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/?p=1741"},"modified":"2020-01-24T17:11:34","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T15:11:34","slug":"botnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/botnet\/","title":{"rendered":"Botnet"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Botnetii sunt considerati unele dintre cele mai mari amenin\u021b\u0103ri la adresa internetului. Aceast\u0103 not\u0103 va acoperi capacit\u0103\u021bile lor \u0219i modul \u00een care sunt controlate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce este un botnet?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un botnet este un set de computere infectate de unul sau mai mul\u021bi robo\u021bi. Un bot este o bucat\u0103 de software r\u0103u inten\u021bionat care prime\u0219te comenzi de la un maestru. Aceast\u0103 denumire \u201ebot\u201d provine de la vechiul serviciu de chat Internet Relay Chat (IRC), unde utilizatorii ar putea dezvolta a\u0219a-numitele \u201ebots\u201d care ar putea men\u021bine canalele, s\u0103 livreze linii amuzante la cerere, etc. Primii botnets au fost construi\u021bi direct ca IRC robo\u021bii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un computer se infecteaz\u0103 fie atunci c\u00e2nd un vierme sau un virus instaleaz\u0103 botul, fie c\u00e2nd utilizatorul viziteaz\u0103 un site web d\u0103un\u0103tor care exploateaz\u0103 o vulnerabilitate \u00een browser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Func\u021bionalit\u0103\u021bi bot<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odat\u0103 ce malware-ul bot ruleaz\u0103 pe un computer, acesta are acces la resursele computerului ca proprietarul s\u0103u. Bo\u021bii pot apoi s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 scrie fi\u0219iere, s\u0103 execute programe, s\u0103 intercepteze ap\u0103s\u0103rile de taste, s\u0103 acceseze camera, s\u0103 trimit\u0103 e-mailuri etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De exemplu, Zeus este un botnet popular. Capabilit\u0103\u021bile sale includ: Reporni\u021bi sau opri\u021bi computerul; \u0218terge\u021bi fi\u0219ierele de sistem, ceea ce face computerul inutilizabil; Dezactiva\u021bi sau restaura\u021bi accesul la o anumit\u0103 adres\u0103 URL; Injecta\u021bi con\u021binut HTML necinstit \u00een pagini care se potrivesc cu o adres\u0103 URL definit\u0103; Desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i executa\u021bi un fi\u0219ier; Execut\u0103 un fi\u0219ier local; Ad\u0103uga\u021bi sau elimina\u021bi o masc\u0103 de fi\u0219ier pentru c\u0103utare local\u0103 (de exemplu, ascunde\u021bi fi\u0219ierele amenin\u021b\u0103rii); \u00cenc\u0103rca\u021bi un fi\u0219ier sau folder; Fura certificate digitale; Actualiza\u021bi fi\u0219ierul de configurare; Redenumi\u021bi executabilul; \u00cenc\u0103rca\u021bi sau \u0219terge\u021bi cookie-urile Flash; Modifica\u021bi pagina de pornire a Internet Explorer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un botnet cu dimensiuni mari poate inunda re\u021bele cu suficient trafic pentru a le pune offline (DDoS): Akamai a analizat un botnet care poate furniza trafic de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 150 Gbps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Comand\u0103 \u0219i control<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Infractorii trebuie s\u0103-\u0219i poat\u0103 controla bo\u021bii \u0219i s\u0103 le dea ordine. \u00cen acest scop, robo\u021bii se raporteaz\u0103 la serverele de comand\u0103 \u0219i control (C&C sau CC sau C2). Aceste servere CC sunt punctul slab al botnetului: f\u0103r\u0103 ele, robo\u021bii sunt doar drone inutile. Infractorii cibernetici dezvolt\u0103 modalit\u0103\u021bi din ce \u00een ce mai sofisticate pentru ca robo\u021bii s\u0103-\u0219i primeasc\u0103 ordinele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Centralizare<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest model este cel mai vechi \u0219i mai simplu. Bo\u021bii se raporteaz\u0103 periodic la un server central. Aceasta era o camer\u0103 de chat IRC, dar alte protocoale au evoluat. Linia de jos este aceea\u0219i: dac\u0103 serverul central dispare, robo\u021bii sunt inutili. Dac\u0103 ap\u0103r\u0103torii preiau controlul serverului central, ei sunt \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 opreasc\u0103 \u00eentregul botnet. G\u0103sirea serverului central este u\u0219oar\u0103 pentru ap\u0103r\u0103tori, fie analiz\u00e2nd un bot, fie traficul pe care \u00eel trimite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proxies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pentru a \u00eengreuna sarcina de a g\u0103si serverul C&C, creatorii de bot au \u00eenceput s\u0103 includ\u0103 proxy-uri \u00een arhitectura lor. Bo\u021bii individuali nu contacteaz\u0103 direct serverul C&C, ci ma\u0219ini intermediare care servesc ca relee sau proxy. Aceste proxy pot fi fie servere operate de maestrul botnet, fie ma\u0219ini infectate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exist\u0103 mai multe avantaje pentru aceast\u0103 arhitectur\u0103:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ap\u0103r\u0103torii trebuie s\u0103 analizeze un proxy pentru a g\u0103si serverul C&C;
\n    Ad\u0103ugarea mai multor proxy este u\u0219oar\u0103, ceea ce face infrastructura mai rezistent\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, exist\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 un singur punct de e\u0219ec sub forma serverului C&C \u00een sine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De la persoan\u0103 la persoan\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evolu\u021bia final\u0103 a arhitecturii botnet este trecerea la peer-to-peer. Bo\u021bii contacteaz\u0103 al\u021bi robo\u021bi \u0219i nu serverul C&C. Comenzile de informare \u0219i control sunt propagate \u00een re\u021bea de la bot la bot. Pentru a men\u021bine controlul asupra botnetului, st\u0103p\u00e2nul s\u0103u trebuie doar s\u0103 poat\u0103 contacta orice ma\u0219in\u0103 infectat\u0103. Acest lucru face ca preluarea \u00eentregului botnet s\u0103 fie o sarcin\u0103 foarte dificil\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economia Botnet<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Botne\u021bii sunt acum parte a economiei subterane. St\u0103p\u00e2nii de Botnet \u00ee\u0219i \u00eenchiriaz\u0103 botne\u021bii altor infractori \u00een diverse scopuri:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Trimitere spam;
\n    Efectuare atacuri DDoS;
\n    S\u0103 fure informa\u021bii bancare;
\n    G\u0103zduire fi\u0219iere ilegale;
\n    Etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre\u021burile variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de tipul de serviciu, fiabilitatea necesar\u0103 \u0219i durata. De exemplu, o or\u0103 de DDoS este disponibil\u0103 pentru 38 USD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concluzie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceast\u0103 not\u0103 a prezentat elementele de baz\u0103 ale botne\u021bilor \u0219i capacit\u0103\u021bile acestora \u0219i a explicat modul \u00een care acesta e controlat. Se pot spune mult mai multe despre vectorii de infec\u021bie, economie etc. Aceste subiecte pot deveni subiectul notelor viitoare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Botnetii sunt considerati unele dintre cele mai mari amenin\u021b\u0103ri la adresa internetului. Aceast\u0103 not\u0103 va acoperi capacit\u0103\u021bile lor \u0219i modul \u00een care sunt controlate. Ce este un botnet? Un botnet este un set de computere infectate de unul sau mai mul\u021bi robo\u021bi. Un bot este o bucat\u0103 de software r\u0103u inten\u021bionat care prime\u0219te comenzi de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1747,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[190,39,41],"class_list":["post-1741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-info","tag-botnet","tag-ddos","tag-flood"],"yoast_head":"\nBotnet - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/botnet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Botnet - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Botnetii sunt considerati unele dintre cele mai mari amenin\u021b\u0103ri la adresa internetului. 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