{"id":2474,"date":"2022-08-05T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/?p=2474"},"modified":"2022-09-30T11:33:33","modified_gmt":"2022-09-30T08:33:33","slug":"am-nevoie-de-un-ip-static","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/am-nevoie-de-un-ip-static\/","title":{"rendered":"Am nevoie de un IP static?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Un IP static sau o adres\u0103 IP fix\u0103 este o adres\u0103 IP care nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 nu toat\u0103 lumea are nevoie de o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103, iar \u00een\u021beleg\u00e2nd cum difer\u0103 aceasta fa\u021b\u0103 de adresele IP dinamice v\u0103 poate ajuta s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi dac\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103 sau una dinamic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva exemple de situa\u021bii \u00een care a\u021bi putea avea nevoie de o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
  1. Configurarea unui server de fi\u0219iere<\/li>
  2. Ad\u0103ugarea unui al doilea router la o re\u021bea<\/li>
  3. Permiterea accesului la un computer atunci c\u00e2nd sunte\u021bi plecat de acas\u0103 \/ de la serviciu<\/li>
  4. Forward-area porturilor c\u0103tre anumite dispozitive<\/li>
  5. Partajarea unei imprimante \u00eentr-o re\u021bea<\/li>
  6. Conectarea la o camer\u0103 IP c\u00e2nd sunte\u021bi plecat de acas\u0103<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Static \u0219i dinamic: ce \u00eenseamn\u0103<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Termenii au fost men\u021biona\u021bi pe scurt mai sus \u0219i asta pentru c\u0103 sunt destul de simplu de \u00een\u021beles. La baz\u0103, singura schimbare real\u0103 pe care o ve\u021bi observa \u00eentre adresele IP statice \u0219i cele dinamice este c\u0103 prima nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103, \u00een timp ce a doua o face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Majoritatea utilizatorilor nu le pas\u0103 dac\u0103 adresa lor IP se schimb\u0103. Dac\u0103 nu \u0219ti\u021bi niciodat\u0103 care este adresa dvs. IP \u0219i nu ave\u021bi niciodat\u0103 motive s\u0103 o face\u021bi s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 aceea\u0219i, atunci adresele dinamice sunt perfecte pentru dvs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Cu toate acestea, \u00een cazul \u00een care re\u021beaua sau computerul dvs. sunt configurate \u00eentr-un mod specific \u00een care unele dispozitive ar func\u021biona mai u\u0219or, iar configurarea este mai u\u0219oar\u0103 pentru dvs. ca administrator, \u00een cazul \u00een care adresa IP r\u0103mane \u00eentotdeauna aceea\u0219i, atunci un IP static este ceea ce dori\u021bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Adresele IP statice sunt atribuite manual de c\u0103tre un administrator. Cu alte cuvinte, dispozitivului c\u0103ruia i se atribuie o adresa IP static\u0103 prime\u0219te o adres\u0103 specific\u0103 (cum ar fi 192.168.1.2), iar din acel moment adresa nu se va schimba niciodat\u0103 dec\u00e2t la cerere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00centr-o metod\u0103 opus\u0103, adresele IP dinamice nu sunt atribuite manual, ci automat, prin DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e2nd se folosesc adrese IP statice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Adresele IP statice sunt necesare pentru dispozitivele care au nevoie de acces constant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    De exemplu, acestea sunt esen\u021biale \u00een cazul \u00een care computerul este configurat ca server, cum ar fi un server FTP sau un server web. Acesta este un lucru bun, deoarece dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 utilizatorii pot accesa \u00eentotdeauna computerul pentru a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219iere, atunci trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 acesta folose\u0219te un IP static, care nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen mod alternativ, dac\u0103 serverului<\/a> i s-a atribuit o adres\u0103 IP dinamic\u0103, aceasta s-ar schimba ocazional, ceea ce ar \u00eempiedica routerul dvs. s\u0103 cunoasc\u0103 care computer din re\u021bea este serverul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u00cen mod similar, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 accesa\u021bi computerul de acas\u0103 \u00een timp ce sunte\u021bi \u00een c\u0103l\u0103torie sau computerul de la birou c\u00e2nd sunte\u021bi acas\u0103, configurarea computerului pentru a utiliza o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103 v\u0103 permite s\u0103 ajunge\u021bi accesa\u021bi acel computer tot timpul, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 v\u0103 teme\u021bi c\u0103 adresa se va schimba \u0219i v\u0103 va bloca accesul la aceasta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Lua\u021bi \u00een considerare o imprimant\u0103 partajat\u0103 ca un alt exemplu pentru utilizarea unei adrese IP statice. Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o imprimant\u0103 pe care toat\u0103 lumea din cas\u0103 sau de la birou trebuie s\u0103 o utilizeze, va trebui s\u0103 \u00eei oferi\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP care nu se va schimba indiferent de situa\u021bie. \u00cen acest fel, dup\u0103 ce fiecare computer este configurat pentru a se conecta la acea imprimant\u0103, conexiunile vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne setate la nesf\u00e2r\u0219it, deoarece adresa nu se va schimba niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Iat\u0103 c\u00e2teva alte motive pentru a utiliza un IP static:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    1. Acestea ofer\u0103 o protec\u021bie pu\u021bin mai bun\u0103 \u00eempotriva problemelor de securitate a re\u021belei dec\u00e2t alocarea adreselor DHCP.<\/li>
    2. Unele dispozitive de re\u021bea nu accept\u0103 DHCP.<\/li>
    3. Ajut\u0103 la evitarea poten\u021bialelor conflicte de adrese IP \u00een care DHCP ar putea furniza o adres\u0103 deja atribuit\u0103 \u00een alt\u0103 parte.<\/li>
    4. Ofer\u0103 geolocalizare mai exact\u0103 dec\u00e2t o adres\u0103 IP dinamic\u0103.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e2nd s\u0103 nu folosi\u021bi un IP static<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Deoarece o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103 este atribuit\u0103 manual, este mult mai pu\u021bin eficient ca un administrator de re\u021bea s\u0103 le aloce, mai ales \u00een situa\u021bii mobile. Acesta trebuie s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 acces fizic la dispozitiv pentru a-i da o adres\u0103 IP \u00een loc s\u0103 lase DHCP-ul s\u0103 atribuie adresa automat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      De exemplu, nu a\u021bi utiliza un IP static pe un smartphone deoarece \u00een momentul \u00een care ajunge la o alt\u0103 re\u021bea Wi-Fi, adresa ar putea s\u0103 nu fie acceptat\u0103 \u00een re\u021beaua respectiv\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 nu va putea accesa internetul.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Adresarea dinamic\u0103 ar fi mult mai convenabil\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 situa\u021bie, deoarece este u\u0219or de configurat de c\u0103tre administratori. DHCP func\u021bioneaz\u0103 automat cu o interven\u021bie minim\u0103 necesar\u0103, permi\u021b\u00e2nd dispozitivelor mobile s\u0103 se deplaseze perfect \u00eentre diferite re\u021bele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Atribuirea static\u0103 a adreselor IP \u00een re\u021belele de domiciliu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      \u00centreprinderile au mai multe \u0219anse s\u0103 foloseasc\u0103 adrese IP statice dec\u00e2t re\u021belele de domiciliu. Implementarea adreselor IP statice nu este u\u0219oar\u0103 \u0219i necesit\u0103 frecvent un tehnician dedicat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cu toate acestea, pute\u021bi avea un IP static pentru re\u021beaua de domiciliu. Atunci c\u00e2nd efectua\u021bi aloc\u0103ri IP statice pentru dispozitivele locale din re\u021belele de domiciliu \u0219i alte re\u021bele private, numerele de adrese trebuie alese din intervalele de adrese IP private definite de standardul Internet Protocol:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
      172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
      192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Aceste intervale suporta mii de adrese IP diferite. Este obi\u0219nuit ca oamenii s\u0103 presupun\u0103 c\u0103 orice num\u0103r din interval poate fi ales \u0219i c\u0103 alegerea specific\u0103 nu conteaz\u0103 prea mult. Acest lucru este neadev\u0103rat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Pentru a alege \u0219i a stabili anumite adrese IP statice adecvate pentru re\u021beaua dvs., urma\u021bi aceste instruc\u021biuni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nu alege\u021bi adresele care se termin\u0103 cu .0 sau .255. Aceste adrese sunt rezervate de obicei pentru utilizarea protocoalelor de re\u021bea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nu alege\u021bi adresele la \u00eenceputul unui interval privat. Adrese precum 10.0.0.1, 192.168.0.1 \u0219i 192.168.0.100 sunt utilizate \u00een mod obi\u0219nuit de routerele din re\u021bea \u0219i alte dispozitive de consum. Acestea sunt primele adrese atacate de c\u0103tre hackeri atunci c\u00e2nd \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 intre \u00eentr-o re\u021bea de calculatoare private.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Nu alege\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP din afara clasei re\u021belei dvs. locale. De exemplu, pentru a accepta toate adresele din intervalul privat 10.x.x.x, masca de subre\u021bea de pe toate dispozitivele trebuie setat\u0103 la 255.0.0.0. Dac\u0103 nu, unele adrese IP statice din acest interval nu vor func\u021biona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cum s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi un IP static public<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Furnizorii de servicii Internet (ISP) atribuie \u00een mod tradi\u021bional toate adresele lor IP clien\u021bilor dinamic. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 deficitului istoric de adrese IP disponibile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Contacta\u021bi furnizorul de servicii dac\u0103 prefera\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103. Nu pute\u021bi ob\u021bine o adres\u0103 IP public\u0103 ce este static\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 o solicita\u021bi de la ISP. Clien\u021bii pot ob\u021bine uneori un IP static prin abonarea la un plan special de servicii \u0219i plata unor taxe suplimentare.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Un IP static sau o adres\u0103 IP fix\u0103 este o adres\u0103 IP care nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 nu toat\u0103 lumea are nevoie de o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103, iar \u00een\u021beleg\u00e2nd cum difer\u0103 aceasta fa\u021b\u0103 de adresele IP dinamice v\u0103 poate ajuta s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi dac\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103 sau una dinamic\u0103.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2475,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[155],"tags":[69,283],"class_list":["post-2474","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-info","tag-infrastructura","tag-ip-dedicat"],"yoast_head":"\nAm nevoie de un IP static? - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un IP static sau o adres\u0103 IP fix\u0103 este o adres\u0103 IP care nu se schimb\u0103 niciodat\u0103. \u00cens\u0103 nu toat\u0103 lumea are nevoie de o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/am-nevoie-de-un-ip-static\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Am nevoie de un IP static? 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