{"id":3231,"date":"2023-09-01T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/?p=3231"},"modified":"2023-09-01T07:03:34","modified_gmt":"2023-09-01T04:03:34","slug":"configurarea-initiala-a-unui-server-cu-ubuntu-20-04","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/configurarea-initiala-a-unui-server-cu-ubuntu-20-04\/","title":{"rendered":"Configurarea Ini\u021bial\u0103 a unui Server cu Ubuntu 20.04"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Long Term Support) este una dintre cele mai populare distribu\u021bii de Linux pentru servere datorit\u0103 stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i suportului pe termen lung. Acest tutorial te va ghida prin pa\u0219ii esen\u021biali pentru configurarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a unui server cu Ubuntu 20.04, preg\u0103tindu-l pentru utilizare \u00een produc\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pasul 1: Accesarea Serverului Ubuntu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Primul pas este s\u0103 te conectezi la server. Ai nevoie de acces SSH la server pentru a continua. Folose\u0219te urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103 pentru a te conecta folosind terminalul dintr-un alt computer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ssh utilizator@adresadeserver\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00cenlocuieste „utilizator” cu numele utilizatorului t\u0103u \u0219i „adresadeserver” cu adresa IP sau numele de domeniu al serverului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 2: Actualizarea Sistemului Ubuntu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u00cencepe prin actualizarea sistemului pentru a te asigura c\u0103 ai cele mai recente actualiz\u0103ri de securitate \u0219i pachete software. Ruleaz\u0103 urm\u0103toarele comenzi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt update\r\nsudo apt upgrade\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 3: Configurarea Firewall-ului<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Asigur\u0103-te c\u0103 firewall-ul este configurat corect pentru a proteja serverul. UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) este o op\u021biune u\u0219oar\u0103 pentru gestionarea firewall-ului. Instaleaz\u0103-l \u0219i configureaz\u0103-l astfel:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install ufw\r\nsudo ufw allow OpenSSH\r\nsudo ufw enable<\/mark>\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 4: Crearea unui Utilizator Nou<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pentru a cre\u0219te securitatea, evit\u0103 autentificarea cu utilizatorul implicit „root”. \u00cen schimb, creaz\u0103 un utilizator nou cu drepturi de sudo (administrative) \u0219i conecteaz\u0103-te cu acel utilizator:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo adduser numeutilizator\r\nsudo usermod -aG sudo numeutilizator\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u00cenlocuieste „numeutilizator” cu numele dorit pentru noul utilizator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 5: Configurarea Autentific\u0103rii SSH cu Cheie Ubuntu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Autentificarea cu cheie SSH este mai securizat\u0103 dec\u00e2t autentificarea cu parol\u0103. Genereaz\u0103 o pereche de chei SSH pe computerul local \u0219i copieaza cheia public\u0103 pe server:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh-keygen -t rsa\r\nssh-copy-id numeutilizator@adresadeserver\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Apoi, schimb\u0103 configurarea SSH pentru a accepta doar autentificarea cu chei:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Seteaz\u0103 PasswordAuthentication la ‘no’ \u0219i salveaz\u0103 modific\u0103rile. Apoi, reporneste serviciul SSH:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart ssh\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 6: Schimbarea Portului SSH (op\u021bional) <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dac\u0103 dore\u0219ti s\u0103 adaugi un nivel suplimentar de securitate, po\u021bi schimba portul SSH implicit. Editeaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierul de configurare SSH \u0219i modific\u0103 portul:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Modific\u0103 linia Port pentru a specifica un alt port \u0219i salveaz\u0103 fi\u0219ierul. Apoi, reporneste serviciul SSH. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pasul 7: Instalarea Unui Server Web (op\u021bional) <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Dac\u0103 inten\u021bionezi s\u0103 utilizezi serverul pentru g\u0103zduirea unui site web, po\u021bi instala un server web, cum ar fi Apache sau Nginx. Utilizeaz\u0103 una dintre urm\u0103toarele comenzi, \u00een func\u021bie de alegerea dorit\u0103: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pentru Apache:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install apache2\r<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pentru Nginx:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Concluzie: <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ai finalizat configurarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a serverului cu Ubuntu 20.04! Serverul t\u0103u este acum securizat \u0219i preg\u0103tit pentru a g\u0103zdui aplica\u021biile sau site-urile web. Asigur\u0103-te c\u0103 \u00eel vei men\u021bine actualizat \u0219i c\u0103 aplici cele mai bune practici de securitate pentru a-l proteja.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Long Term Support) este una dintre cele mai populare distribu\u021bii de Linux pentru servere datorit\u0103 stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i suportului pe termen lung. Acest tutorial te va ghida prin pa\u0219ii esen\u021biali pentru configurarea ini\u021bial\u0103 a unui server cu Ubuntu 20.04, preg\u0103tindu-l pentru utilizare \u00een produc\u021bie. Pasul 1: Accesarea Serverului Ubuntu Primul pas este s\u0103<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3234,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[9,112,69,175,363,30,96],"class_list":["post-3231","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","tag-gazduire","tag-hosting","tag-infrastructura","tag-security","tag-server","tag-ubuntu","tag-web-hosting"],"yoast_head":"\nConfigurarea Ini\u021bial\u0103 a unui Server cu Ubuntu 20.04 - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Long Term Support) este una dintre cele mai populare distribu\u021bii de Linux pentru servere datorit\u0103 stabilit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i suport\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/?p=3231\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Configurarea Ini\u021bial\u0103 a unui Server cu Ubuntu 20.04 - 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