{"id":368,"date":"2018-07-04T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2018-07-04T20:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nav.ro\/?p=368"},"modified":"2019-02-22T14:06:01","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T12:06:01","slug":"ce-este-o-adresa-ip","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/ce-este-o-adresa-ip\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este o adres\u0103 IP?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Protocolul de Internet (IP) a fost creat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een anii 1970 pentru a conecta primele computere \u00eentre ele \u0219i a le permite s\u0103 trimit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 pachete de informa\u021bii. Ast\u0103zi, fiecare dispozitiv care se conecteaz\u0103 la internet necesit\u0103 o adres\u0103 IP. Un exemplu de adres\u0103 IP pe care mul\u021bi o vor recunoa\u0219te este:<\/p>\n

192.168.0.1<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, aceasta nu este adresa dvs. IP, este adresa IP oferit\u0103 de c\u0103tre router-ul dvs. (Voi explica mai t\u00e2rziu)<\/p>\n

Fiecare adres\u0103 IP este atribuit\u0103 unui dispozitiv punct final (rutere, computere personale, tablete, imprimante f\u0103r\u0103 fir, smartphone-uri sau orice dispozitiv „inteligent” care se conecteaz\u0103 la o re\u021bea). \u00cen principiu, o adres\u0103 IP este ca o adres\u0103 de domiciliu; f\u0103r\u0103 a\u0219a ceva, po\u0219ta\u0219ul nu \u0219tie unde s\u0103 v\u0103 livreze pachetele. \u00cen mod similar, f\u0103r\u0103 o adres\u0103 IP, re\u021beaua nu \u0219tie pe ce dispozitiv final s\u0103 trimit\u0103 toate informa\u021biile din e-mailuri, pagini web sau orice alt pachet de date.<\/p>\n

Dar \u0219tiati c\u0103 exist\u0103 diferite tipuri de adrese IP, fiecare dintre acestea oferind beneficii specifice utilizatorilor diferi\u021bi? Pentru a decide care dintre adresele IP este potrivit\u0103 pentru dvs., este necesar s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi elementele de baz\u0103 ale adres\u0103rii IP.<\/p>\n

Care este diferen\u021ba dintre o re\u021bea privat\u0103 \u0219i una public\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00cen prezent, routerul dvs. atribuie de obicei adrese IP fiec\u0103ruia dintre dispozitivele dvs. Un ruter creeaz\u0103, de obicei, o re\u021bea proprie denumit\u0103 Subnet (subre\u021bea). Aceste adrese IP atribuite de un router se numesc „IP-uri interne”, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 acestea sunt unice doar \u00een cadrul sub-re\u021belei dvs.<\/p>\n

G\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 \u00een acest fel, dac\u0103 ave\u021bi acela\u0219i nume \u0219i aceea\u0219i adres\u0103 ca cineva care locuie\u0219te \u00eentr-un alt ora\u0219, po\u0219ta\u0219ul va \u0219ti cui s\u0103 livreze pachetul, pe baza codurilor po\u0219tale. Fiecare cod po\u0219tal este ca o subre\u021bea proprie, unde oficiul po\u0219tal este ca \u0219i routerul. Deci, pute\u021bi avea aceea\u0219i adres\u0103 IP intern\u0103 ca \u0219i altcineva (cum ar fi 192.168.0.1), dac\u0103 ambele apar\u021bin unor sub-re\u021bele diferite (create de router).<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 a\u021bi avea acela\u0219i nume \u0219i aceea\u0219i adres\u0103 de strad\u0103 cu cineva din acela\u0219i cod po\u0219tal, atunci lucrurile ar deveni confuze. Acela\u0219i lucru este valabil \u0219i pentru re\u021bele. Dac\u0103 dou\u0103 puncte finale au aceea\u0219i adres\u0103 \u00een aceea\u0219i re\u021bea, se nume\u0219te un conflict IP \u0219i nu pot fi trimise sau primite informa\u021bii p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd conflictul nu este rezolvat.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 o re\u021bea este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 exclusiv din IP-uri interne, atunci acea re\u021bea este numit\u0103 „re\u021bea privat\u0103”. Re\u021belele private nu sunt, de obicei, capabile s\u0103 se conecteze la internet sau alte re\u021bele, deci sunt construite de obicei \u00een ideea de securitate.<\/p>\n

Re\u021belele care au o adresa „IP extern\u0103”, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 se conecteaz\u0103 la internet sau la o alt\u0103 re\u021bea, se numesc „re\u021bele publice”. Cu o adresa IP extern\u0103, re\u021beaua public\u0103 poate fi compromis\u0103 \u0219i, o dat\u0103 ajun\u0219i re\u021bea, hackerii pot infecta orice calculatoare care sunt conectate \u0219i pot fur\u0103 informa\u021bii private. Deci, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi un IP aproape imposibil de compromis, ar trebui s\u0103 c\u0103uta\u021bi s\u0103 ob\u021bine\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP privat\u0103 pentru a v\u0103 proteja informa\u021biile cele mai importante \u0219i mai secretive.<\/p>\n

Care este diferen\u021ba dintre o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103 \u0219i dinamic\u0103?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 nu a\u021bi avut de-a face niciodat\u0103 cu IP-urile, \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 probabil a\u021bi avut alocat unul de c\u0103tre furnizorul de servicii de Internet (ISP). Un se ocup\u0103, de obicei, de toate problemele dvs. de IP pentru dvs. \u00een mod automat.<\/p>\n

Probabil c\u0103 niciodat\u0103 nu a\u021bi observat c\u0103 adresa IP se modific\u0103 de fapt tot timpul. Acest lucru se datoreaz\u0103 faptului c\u0103 aproape toate routerele de acas\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 un protocol DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) sau o adres\u0103 IP partajat\u0103. ISP-urile \u00eenchiriaz\u0103 o mul\u021bime de adrese IP, dar fiecare adres\u0103 IP este activ\u0103 numai pentru o perioad\u0103 limitat\u0103 de timp. C\u00e2nd expir\u0103 perioada de folosire, routerul va atribui automat o nou\u0103 adres\u0103 IP din grupul comun de adrese IP alocate.<\/p>\n

De aceea, deconectarea routerului poate rezolva probleme legate de conectarea la internet; atunci c\u00e2nd deconecta\u021bi routerul, ISP v\u0103 aloc\u0103 o nou\u0103 adres\u0103 IP.<\/p>\n

ISP folosesc o adres\u0103 IP dinamic\u0103 pentru a m\u0103ri num\u0103rul de IP-uri disponibile. Deoarece doar o frac\u021biune de IP-uri se conecteaz\u0103 la internet \u00een orice moment, acelea\u0219i adrese IP pot fi utilizate \u00een rota\u021bie de c\u0103tre persoane diferite la momente diferite. At\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t nu este folosit\u0103 de dou\u0103 dispozitive \u00een acela\u0219i timp, nu exist\u0103 conflicte.<\/p>\n

Utilizarea adresei IP partajate poate face lucrurile mult mai u\u0219oare. Deoarece IP-ul este atribuit automat, niciodat\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 v\u0103 face\u021bi griji \u00een leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu nimic, dar dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 rula\u021bi propriul server de e-mail sau s\u0103 controla\u021bi IP-urile dvs. din diferite motive, o „IP static\u0103” ar putea fi o alegere mai bun\u0103.<\/p>\n

O adresa IP static\u0103 este una care nu se schimb\u0103, r\u0103m\u00e2ne aceea\u0219i pentru at\u00e2ta timp c\u00e2t este de\u021binut\u0103 de aceea\u0219i entitate. Nimeni altcineva nu poate avea acela\u0219i IP, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 dac\u0103 \u00eel utiliza\u021bi pentru site-ul dvs. Web, pute\u021bi s\u0103 introduce\u021bi adresa IP \u00een bara de adrese a browserului dvs. \u00een locul numelui site-ului. \u00cen acest fel, ob\u021bine\u021bi de fapt doar o versiune tradus\u0103 a adresei dvs. URL.<\/p>\n

Cump\u0103rarea unei „adrese IP statice”, cost\u0103, de obicei ceva mai mult pe lun\u0103. Ele tind s\u0103 fie rezervate pentru \u00eentreprinderi, dar oricine poate cump\u0103ra o asemenea adresa de la ISP-ul lor \u00een orice moment.<\/p>\n

Care este adresa IP potrivit\u0103 pentru dvs.?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Acum, c\u0103 avem o idee despre adresele IP, putem discuta care dintre ele este potrivit\u0103 pentru dvs.<\/p>\n

U\u0219urin\u021ba \u00een utilizare<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 sunte\u021bi \u00een c\u0103utarea celei mai u\u0219oare solu\u021bii, utilizarea unui IP dinamic de la ISP este cea mai pu\u021bin complicat\u0103 alegere.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, dac\u0103 alege\u021bi s\u0103 utiliza\u021bi o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103, s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi c\u0103 este o decizie important\u0103. Asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 ave\u021bi timp pentru a testa \u0219i a depana orice problem\u0103 care ar putea ap\u0103rea.<\/p>\n

Downtime<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu o conexiune dinamic\u0103, de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd adresa dvs. IP se re\u00eemprosp\u0103teaz\u0103, serverului \u00eei va lua o clip\u0103 pentru a g\u0103\u0219i noua adres\u0103 IP, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 site-ul dvs. va fi ofline. Chiar dac\u0103 este de obicei doar pentru frac\u021biuni de secund\u0103, va poate afecta \u00een timp. O adres\u0103 static\u0103 elimin\u0103 acest lucru din ecua\u021bie.<\/p>\n

SSL<\/strong><\/p>\n

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) este folosit de majoritatea site-urilor de comer\u021b electronic pentru a cripta informa\u021biile financiare personale. Deci, dac\u0103 vinde\u021bi ceva online, este o idee foarte bun\u0103 s\u0103 ave\u021bi un certificat SSL. Acesta este necesar pentru toate site-urile care accept\u0103 pl\u0103\u021bi prin carduri de credit online.<\/p>\n

Acces de la distan\u021b\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cu o adres\u0103 IP static\u0103, pute\u021bi accesa re\u021beaua dvs. de oriunde din lume. Utiliz\u00e2nd anumite programe sau un client FTP, v\u0103 pute\u021bi conecta de fapt la computerul de la domiciliu sau la alt dispozitiv final. Acest lucru este util \u00een special pentru anumite dispozitive care au nevoie de o adresa static\u0103 IP pentru a se conecta la re\u021bea.<\/p>\n

Con\u021binut restric\u021bionat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Unele \u021b\u0103ri interzic anumite adrese IP pentru un con\u021binut pe care \u00eel consider\u0103 nepotrivit pentru cet\u0103\u021benii lor. Deci, dac\u0103 v\u0103 afla\u021bi pe o adres\u0103 IP partajat\u0103, pute\u021bi fi grupat \u00een cel\u0103lalt con\u021binut \u0219i pute\u021bi fi \u0219i blocat. Chiar dac\u0103 con\u021binutul dvs. nu are nimic de-a face cu motivul pentru care a fost interzis accesul la IP.<\/p>\n

Deci, dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 con\u021binutul dvs. poate fi v\u0103zut pretutindeni, ve\u021bi avea nevoie de un IP dedicat.<\/p>\n

Reputa\u021bia adresei de Email<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi un buletin informativ sau alte campanii de e-mail pe care le trimite\u021bi mai multor utilizatori, o adres\u0103 IP dinamic\u0103 v\u0103 poate distruge reputa\u021bia de e-mail. \u00cemp\u0103r\u021bind o adres\u0103 IP \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 a\u021bi putea folosi acela\u0219i IP ca \u0219i infractorii cibernetici care au distrus reputa\u021bia de e-mail a IP-ului, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 e-mailurile din acel IP sunt trimise direct \u00een dosarul de spam. Cu o adresa IP static, nu vei pierde niciodat\u0103 cititorii din cauza reputa\u021biei unei alte persoane.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Protocolul de Internet (IP) a fost creat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een anii 1970 pentru a conecta primele computere \u00eentre ele \u0219i a le permite s\u0103 trimit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 pachete de informa\u021bii. Ast\u0103zi, fiecare dispozitiv care se conecteaz\u0103 la internet necesit\u0103 o adres\u0103 IP. Un exemplu de adres\u0103 IP pe care mul\u021bi o vor recunoa\u0219te<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1282,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-368","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-servere"],"yoast_head":"\nCe este o adres\u0103 IP? - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/ce-este-o-adresa-ip\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ce este o adres\u0103 IP? - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Protocolul de Internet (IP) a fost creat pentru prima dat\u0103 \u00een anii 1970 pentru a conecta primele computere \u00eentre ele \u0219i a le permite s\u0103 trimit\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 primeasc\u0103 pachete de informa\u021bii. 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