{"id":4256,"date":"2026-04-21T13:06:35","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T10:06:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/?p=4256"},"modified":"2026-04-21T13:06:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T10:06:35","slug":"ce-este-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/ce-este-api\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este un API?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Probabil c\u0103 ai auzit de termenul „API”. Sistemul de operare, browserul web \u0219i actualiz\u0103rile de aplica\u021bii anun\u021b\u0103 deseori API-uri noi pentru dezvoltatori. Dar ce este?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interfa\u021ba de Programare a Aplica\u021biei (Application Programming Interface)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ne putem g\u00e2ndi la acesta ca la un meniu \u00eentr-un restaurant. Meniul ofer\u0103 o list\u0103 de feluri de m\u00e2ncare pe care le putem comanda, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o descriere a fiec\u0103ruia. C\u00e2nd specific\u0103m ce elemente de meniu dorim, buc\u0103t\u0103ria restaurantului \u00ee\u0219i face treaba \u0219i ne ofer\u0103 ni\u0219te feluri de m\u00e2ncare finite. Nu \u0219tim exact cum restaurantul preg\u0103te\u0219te m\u00e2ncarea \u0219i nici nu avem nevoie de asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00cen mod similar, enumer\u0103 opera\u021bii pe care dezvoltatorii le pot utiliza, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu o descriere a ceea ce fac. Dezvoltatorul nu trebuie neap\u0103rat s\u0103 \u0219tie cum, de exemplu, un sistem de operare construie\u0219te \u0219i prezint\u0103 o caset\u0103 de dialog „Salva\u021bi ca”. Trebuie doar s\u0103 \u0219tie c\u0103 este disponibil pentru utilizare \u00een aplica\u021bia lor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceasta nu este o metafor\u0103 perfect\u0103, deoarece dezvoltatorii ar putea fi nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 furnizeze propriile date pentru a ob\u021bine rezultatele. A\u0219a c\u0103 poate este mai mult un restaurant select unde putem s\u0103 oferim c\u00e2teva dintre propriile ingrediente cu care va lucra buc\u0103t\u0103ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dar este \u00een mare m\u0103sur\u0103 precis\u0103. Acestea permit dezvoltatorilor s\u0103 economiseasc\u0103 timp, profit\u00e2nd de implementarea unei platforme pentru a realiza o munc\u0103 dificil\u0103. Acest lucru ajut\u0103 la reducerea cantit\u0103\u021bii de cod pe care dezvoltatorii trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel creeze. De asemenea, ajut\u0103 la crearea unei mai mari coeren\u021be \u00eentre aplica\u021bii pentru aceea\u0219i platform\u0103. API-urile pot controla accesul la resurse hardware \u0219i software.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fac via\u021ba mai u\u0219oar\u0103 dezvoltatorilor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0103 presupunem c\u0103 dorim s\u0103 dezvolt\u0103m o aplica\u021bie pentru iPhone. Sistemul de operare iOS de la Apple ofer\u0103 un num\u0103r mare de API. Ca \u0219i celelalte sisteme de operare – pentru a face acest lucru mai u\u0219or.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 dorim s\u0103 \u00eencorporam un browser web pentru a afi\u0219a una sau mai multe pagini web, nu trebuie s\u0103 program\u0103m propriul browser web de la zero doar pentru aplica\u021bia noastr\u0103. Putem utiliza API-ul WKWebView pentru a \u00eencorpora un obiect de browser WebKit (Safari) \u00een aplica\u021bia noastr\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dac\u0103 dorim s\u0103 captur\u0103m fotografii de pe aparatul foto iPhone, nu este necesar s\u0103 scriem propria interfa\u021b\u0103 a camerei. Utiliz\u0103m API-ul camerei pentru a \u00eencorpora camera iPhone-ului \u00een aplica\u021bia noastr\u0103. Dac\u0103 nu ar exista un API pentru a face acest lucru, dezvoltatorii ar trebui s\u0103-\u0219i creeze propriul software de camer\u0103. Dar dezvoltatorii sistemului de operare ai Apple au f\u0103cut toat\u0103 aceast\u0103 munc\u0103 grea. Astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t dezvoltatorii s\u0103 poat\u0103 folosi API-ul pentru a \u00eencorpora o camer\u0103 \u0219i apoi s\u0103-\u0219i construiasc\u0103 aplica\u021bia. \u0218i, atunci c\u00e2nd Apple \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te API-ul camerei, toate aplica\u021biile care se bazeaz\u0103 pe aceasta vor beneficia automat de aceast\u0103 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021bire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acest lucru se aplic\u0103 fiec\u0103rei platforme. De exemplu, dorim s\u0103 facem o caset\u0103 de dialog pe Windows. Exist\u0103 un API pentru asta. Dorim s\u0103 sprijinim autentificarea cu amprent\u0103 digital\u0103 pe Android? Exist\u0103 \u0219i pentru acest lucru, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 nu trebuie s\u0103 testam fiecare senzor de amprent\u0103 diferit al produc\u0103torului Android. Dezvoltatorii nu trebuie s\u0103 reinventeze roata din nou \u0219i din nou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

API-urile controleaz\u0103 accesul la resurse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Acestea sunt folosite pentru a controla accesul la func\u021biile software pe care o aplica\u021bie nu are permisiunea de a le utiliza. De aceea, joac\u0103 adesea un rol important \u00een securitate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De exemplu, dac\u0103 ai vizitat vreodat\u0103 un site Web \u0219i ai v\u0103zut un mesaj \u00een browser cum c\u0103 site-ul solicit\u0103 s\u0103 vad\u0103 loca\u021bia ta exact\u0103, site-ul respectiv \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 utilizeze API-ul de localizare \u00een browser-ul web. Navigatoarele de pe Internet expun astfel de API-uri pentru a u\u0219ura accesul dezvoltatorilor web la loca\u021bia ta. Pot \u00eentreba doar „unde te afli?” si browserul face munca grea de a accesa re\u021belele GPS sau Wi-Fi din apropiere pentru a v\u0103 g\u0103si loca\u021bia fizic\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu toate acestea, browserele expun \u0219i aceste informa\u021bii printr-un API, deoarece este posibil s\u0103 controlezi accesul la acesta. C\u00e2nd un site dore\u0219te acces la loca\u021bia fizic\u0103 exact\u0103, singura modalitate prin care poate fi ob\u021binut\u0103 este prin API-ul de loca\u021bie. \u0218i c\u00e2nd un site \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103-l foloseasc\u0103, tu – utilizatorul – po\u021bi alege s\u0103 permi\u021bi sau s\u0103 refuzi aceast\u0103 solicitare. Singura modalitate de a accesa resursele hardware precum senzorul GPS este prin API, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t browserul poate controla accesul la hardware \u0219i poate limita ceea ce aplica\u021biile pot face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Acela\u0219i principiu este utilizat \u0219i \u00een sistemele de operare mobile moderne, cum ar fi iOS \u0219i Android, \u00een care aplica\u021biile mobile au permisiuni care pot fi impuse prin controlul accesului la API-uri. De exemplu, dac\u0103 un dezvoltator \u00eencearc\u0103 s\u0103 acceseze camera prin API-ul camerei, po\u021bi respinge cererea de permisiune \u0219i aplica\u021bia nu are acces la camera aparatului foto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sistemele de fi\u0219iere care utilizeaz\u0103 permisiunile – la fel ca \u00een Windows, Mac \u0219i Linux – au acele permisiuni impuse de API-ul sistemului de fi\u0219iere. O aplica\u021bie tipic\u0103 nu are acces direct la hard diskul fizic brut. \u00cen schimb, aplica\u021bia trebuie s\u0103 acceseze fi\u0219iere printr-un API.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

API-urile sunt folosite \u0219i pentru comunicarea \u00eentre servicii<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

API-urile sunt folosite pentru tot felul de alte motive. De exemplu, dac\u0103 ai v\u0103zut vreodat\u0103 un obiect Google Maps \u00eencorporat pe un site Web, acel site utilizeaz\u0103 API-ul Google Maps pentru a \u00eencorpora aceast\u0103 hart\u0103. Google expune API-uri ca acesta pentru dezvoltatorii web, care apoi pot utiliza API-urile pentru a construi obiecte complexe chiar pe site-ul lor. Dac\u0103 astfel de API-uri nu exist\u0103, dezvoltatorii ar putea s\u0103-\u0219i creeze propriile h\u0103r\u021bi \u0219i s\u0103 furnizeze propriile date de hart\u0103 doar pentru a pune o mic\u0103 hart\u0103 interactiv\u0103 pe un site web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i pentru c\u0103 este un API, Google poate controla accesul la Google Maps pe site-uri web ale unor ter\u021be p\u0103r\u021bi, asigur\u00e2ndu-le c\u0103 o utilizeaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod coerent, \u00een loc s\u0103 \u00eencerce s\u0103 o \u00eencorporeze \u00eentr-un cadru \u00een care s\u0103 afi\u0219eze, de exemplu, site-ul Google Maps.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Probabil c\u0103 ai auzit de termenul „API”. Sistemul de operare, browserul web \u0219i actualiz\u0103rile de aplica\u021bii anun\u021b\u0103 deseori API-uri noi pentru dezvoltatori. Dar ce este? Interfa\u021ba de Programare a Aplica\u021biei (Application Programming Interface) Ne putem g\u00e2ndi la acesta ca la un meniu \u00eentr-un restaurant. Meniul ofer\u0103 o list\u0103 de feluri de m\u00e2ncare pe care le<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4258,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[427,33,9,112,69,96,18],"class_list":["post-4256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to","tag-api","tag-cpanel","tag-gazduire","tag-hosting","tag-infrastructura","tag-web-hosting","tag-wordpress"],"yoast_head":"\nCe este un API? - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Probabil c\u0103 ai auzit de termenul "API". 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