{"id":493,"date":"2018-08-09T21:22:00","date_gmt":"2018-08-09T19:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nav.ro\/?p=493"},"modified":"2019-02-22T14:05:08","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T12:05:08","slug":"5-motive-pentru-a-folosi-subnet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/5-motive-pentru-a-folosi-subnet\/","title":{"rendered":"5 motive pentru a folosi subnetting-ul"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o tona de trafic care trece prin re\u021beaua dvs., acest trafic poate duce la o rulare lent\u0103. Cu o subretea, pute\u021bi planifica dispozitivele din re\u021bea, conduc\u00e2nd la o gestionare eficient\u0103, structurare \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n

Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de motive pentru care credem c\u0103 subreteaua este calea de urmat, dar aici sunt cinci dintre preferatele noastre:<\/p>\n

1. \u00cembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea securit\u0103\u021bii re\u021belei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Av\u00e2nd \u00eentreaga re\u021bea \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 subre\u021bea poate parea mai usor, dar ce se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 dac\u0103 un dispozitiv din acea re\u021bea este compromis? \u00centreaga re\u021bea \u0219i toate dispozitivele din cadrul acesteia devin imediat vizibile.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 rupe\u021bi re\u021beaua \u00een diferite subre\u021bele, pute\u021bi controla fluxul de trafic prin re\u021bea folosind ACL, QoS sau h\u0103r\u021bi de rute. Ve\u021bi putea identifica cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 amenin\u021b\u0103rile si puteti \u00eenchide punctele de intrare.<\/p>\n

Este posibil s\u0103 v\u0103 \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi\u021bi re\u021beaua utiliz\u00e2nd unul sau mai mul\u021be routere pentru a conecta subre\u021bele \u00eempreun\u0103, prin configurarea ACL-urilor pe routere \u0219i switch-uri. Configurarea acestor routere \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 dispozitivele dintr-o subre\u021bea nu vor putea accesa \u00eentreaga re\u021bea. \u00cen acest fel, to\u021bi angaja\u021bii nu au acces deplin la ma\u0219inile de salarizare, de exemplu.<\/p>\n

Sau pute\u021bi limita accesul la resurse pentru to\u021bi clien\u021bii wireless, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t informa\u021biile valoroase s\u0103 nu fie u\u0219or accesibile \u00een loca\u021bii \u00eendep\u0103rtate.<\/p>\n

2. Performan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i vitez\u0103 mai bune ale re\u021belei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 nu utiliza\u021bi subre\u021bele \u00een re\u021bea, un singur pachet difuzat va trimite informa\u021bii care vor ajunge la fiecare dispozitiv conectat la acea re\u021bea, datorit\u0103 faptului c\u0103 fiecare dispozitiv are un punct de intrare \u00een re\u021bea.<\/p>\n

O list\u0103 mare de puncte de intrare reduce performan\u021ba dispozitivului de comutare intern\u0103, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu performan\u021ba general\u0103 a re\u021belei. Un singur pachet de difuzare de asemenea sparge \u00een mod efectiv toate dispozitivele din re\u021bea, chiar \u0219i cele care nu sunt relevante pentru informa\u021biile de fa\u021b\u0103. Acest lucru ar putea aduce capacitatea re\u021belei dvs. la v\u00e2rf, duc\u00e2nd-o la colaps din cauza coliziunilor excesive de informa\u021bii.<\/p>\n

Subnetting-ul va ajuta \u00eens\u0103 informa\u021biile s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een re\u021beaua subnetat\u0103 sau \u00een domeniul difuzat, eliber\u00e2nd alte subre\u021bele pentru a le utiliza \u00een cele mai rapide \u0219i eficiente capabilit\u0103\u021bi. De asemenea, v\u0103 va \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi domeniile de broadcasting \u0219i ve\u021bi controla fluxul de trafic, ceea ce va spori performan\u021ba re\u021belei.<\/p>\n

Este avantajos s\u0103 p\u0103stra\u021bi traficul pe o singur\u0103 subre\u021bea, \u00een loc s\u0103 l\u0103sa\u021bi fluxul de trafic dintr-o subre\u021bea \u00een alta. Pentru a ob\u021bine o performan\u021b\u0103 \u0219i o vitez\u0103 mai bune pentru re\u021bea, trebuie s\u0103 reduce\u021bi num\u0103rul de dispozitive dintr-o subre\u021bea \u0219i s\u0103 controla\u021bi fluxul de trafic \u00eentre subre\u021bele.<\/p>\n

3. Administrarea este o ca o briza<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ca si administrator de retea, subnetting-ul poate ajuta la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea vie\u021bii tale.<\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi crea re\u021bele cu limite gazd\u0103 mai realiste, spre deosebire de limitele impuse de clasele de adresare IP (8 bi\u021bi pentru clasa A, 16 bi\u021bi pentru clasa B \u0219i 24 bi\u021bi pentru clasa C).<\/p>\n

\u00cen cazul \u00een care internetul era limitat la adresele de clas\u0103 A, B sau C, fiecare re\u021bea poate avea doar 254, 64000 sau 16 milioane de adrese IP pentru dispozitivele gazd\u0103. De\u0219i exist\u0103 numeroase re\u021bele cu mai mult de 254 de dispozitive, pu\u021bine exist\u0103 cu 64.000, s\u0103 nu mai vorbim de 16 milioane.<\/p>\n

F\u0103r\u0103 subre\u021bele, orice re\u021bea cu mai mult de 254 de dispozitive ar avea nevoie de o alocare de Clas\u0103 B, iar acest lucru ar duce probabil la pierderea a mii de adrese IP. Prin subnetting, pute\u021bi selecta num\u0103rul de bi\u021bi din subnetwork, cre\u00e2nd limite mai mari ale gazdei.<\/p>\n

Subnettingul ofer\u0103 o modalitate eficient\u0103 de a urm\u0103ri toate ma\u0219inile din re\u021beaua dvs., precum \u0219i o modalitate mai u\u0219oar\u0103 de a determina ce ma\u0219ini cauzeaz\u0103 probleme. De\u0219i acest lucru nu adaug\u0103 mai mul\u021bi pa\u0219i c\u0103tre func\u021bia de succes a re\u021belei dvs., re\u021belele subnetate sunt mult mai u\u0219or de gestionat \u0219i de depanat.<\/p>\n

4. Mai u\u0219or de controlat cre\u0219terea re\u021belei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prin subnetarea re\u021belei dvs., ave\u021bi \u0219i puterea de a controla c\u00e2t de mult cre\u0219te re\u021beaua dvs.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd v\u0103 g\u00e2ndi\u021bi la c\u00e2t de mare dori\u021bi s\u0103 fie re\u021beaua dvs., pute\u021bi folosi ceea ce se nume\u0219te formula gazdei, care spune c\u0103 ia num\u0103rul de zerouri din masca subre\u021belei dvs. atunci c\u00e2nd este convertit \u00een binar, lua\u021bi dou\u0103 la puterea acelui num\u0103r , minus dou\u0103, \u0219i ve\u021bi vedea num\u0103rul de gazde posibile atunci c\u00e2nd utiliza\u021bi aceast\u0103 masc\u0103 de subre\u021bea.<\/p>\n

Odat\u0103 ce a\u021bi aflat acest aspect, trebuie s\u0103 determina\u021bi cre\u0219terea a\u0219teptat\u0103 pentru acest site. Exist\u0103 \u0219ansa ca num\u0103rul de dispozitive s\u0103 se dubleze sau crede\u021bi c\u0103 va r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant? De obicei, aceasta se bazeaz\u0103 pe dimensiunea fizic\u0103 a biroului. Apoi, pute\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 ajusta\u021bi ecua\u021bia \u00een formularul gazd\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 determina\u021bi c\u00e2t de multe adrese IP probabil ve\u021bi avea nevoie \u00een viitor, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 pute\u021bi selecta spa\u021biul corect de adrese IP.<\/p>\n

Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 exist\u0103 metode pentru ruperea unui anumit spa\u021biu de adrese IP pentru a permite mai multe re\u021bele cu mai pu\u021bine gazde sau mai pu\u021bine re\u021bele cu mai multe gazde. Exist\u0103 avantaje pentru fiecare op\u021biune, \u00een func\u021bie de cre\u0219terea pe care o a\u0219tepta\u021bi \u00een cadrul re\u021belei.<\/p>\n

5. Mai pu\u021bin\u0103 congestie a re\u021belei<\/strong><\/p>\n

Subnetting-ul adaug\u0103 ordinea \u0219i cre\u0219terea performan\u021bei prin \u00eemp\u0103r\u021birea traficului \u00een re\u021bele mai mari.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2nd v\u0103 impartiti re\u021beaua, asigura\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 traficul destinat unui anumit dispozitiv din acea subre\u021bea r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een subre\u021bea. Acest lucru va reduce la minimum congestionarea \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale re\u021belei. Prin amplasarea strategic\u0103 a subre\u021belelor pentru a minimiza congestionarea, companiile pot reduce \u00eenc\u0103rcarea re\u021belei \u0219i traficul \u00eentr-un mod mai eficient.<\/p>\n

\u00centr-o re\u021bea mare f\u0103r\u0103 subre\u021bele, fiecare computer ar vedea orice pachete de difuzare de la fiecare dintre celelalte computere \u0219i servere. \u00centrerup\u0103toarele ar trebui, de asemenea, s\u0103 treac\u0103 traficul c\u0103tre porturile corespunz\u0103toare, ceea ce ar duce la niveluri mai mari de congestie, la o performan\u021b\u0103 mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 a re\u021belei \u0219i la timpi de r\u0103spuns mai \u00eendelunga\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Atunci c\u00e2nd plasa\u021bi un router pentru a ruta corect traficul \u00eentre fiecare subre\u021bea, router-ul nu va trasa niciun trafic de difuzare \u0219i nici nu va ruta orice informa\u021bie care nu trebuie s\u0103 fie direc\u021bionat\u0103 c\u0103tre cealalt\u0103 subre\u021bea. Ca urmare, viteza fiec\u0103rei subre\u021bele ar cre\u0219te, deoarece nivelul de trafic din fiecare subre\u021bea este mai mic, cresc\u00e2nd astfel performan\u021ba general\u0103 a re\u021belei \u0219i reduc\u00e2nd congestia re\u021belei.<\/p>\n

Abilitatea de a \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bi o re\u021bea mare \u00een re\u021bele mai mici este o abilitate valoroas\u0103 care v\u0103 va aduce beneficii imense. Subnetting-ul v\u0103 va ajuta, de asemenea, si la studiul pentru examene de certificare, cum ar fi Cisco CCNA Routing and Switching \u0219i CompTIA Network +.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o tona de trafic care trece prin re\u021beaua dvs., acest trafic poate duce la o rulare lent\u0103. Cu o subretea, pute\u021bi planifica dispozitivele din re\u021bea, conduc\u00e2nd la o gestionare eficient\u0103, structurare \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103. Exist\u0103 o mul\u021bime de motive pentru care credem c\u0103 subreteaua este calea de urmat, dar aici sunt cinci dintre preferatele<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1284,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[148],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-493","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-servere"],"yoast_head":"\n5 motive pentru a folosi subnetting-ul - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/5-motive-pentru-a-folosi-subnet\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"5 motive pentru a folosi subnetting-ul - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o tona de trafic care trece prin re\u021beaua dvs., acest trafic poate duce la o rulare lent\u0103. Cu o subretea, pute\u021bi planifica dispozitivele din re\u021bea, conduc\u00e2nd la o gestionare eficient\u0103, structurare \u0219i performan\u021b\u0103. 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