{"id":577,"date":"2018-09-21T16:56:13","date_gmt":"2018-09-21T13:56:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nav.ro\/?p=577"},"modified":"2019-02-22T10:51:16","modified_gmt":"2019-02-22T08:51:16","slug":"10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/","title":{"rendered":"10 comenzi pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu Cisco OS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pentrtu a putea lucra cu Cisco OS este necesar\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea unor comenzi esen\u021biale. Aceast\u0103 referin\u021b\u0103 rapid\u0103 descrie 10 comenzi pe care va trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 baza\u021bi atunci c\u00e2nd gestiona\u021bi diferite sarcini de configurare \u0219i depanare.<\/p>\n

1: „?”<\/strong><\/p>\n

Se pare c\u0103 este prea evident faptul c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219titi cum s\u0103 tasta\u021bi ? pentru a cere ajutor atunci c\u00e2nd utiliza\u021bi Cisco OS. Cu toate acestea, Cisco OS este complet diferit de alte sisteme de operare atunci c\u00e2nd vine vorba de utilizarea semnului de \u00eentrebare (help key). Deoarece Cisco este un sistem de operare de linie de comand\u0103 cu mii de comenzi \u0219i parametri posibili, folosind func\u021bia ? v\u0103 poate salva ziua.<\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi folosi comanda \u00een mai multe moduri. Mai \u00eent\u00e2i, folosi\u021bi-o atunci c\u00e2nd nu \u0219ti\u021bi ce comand\u0103 s\u0103 tasta\u021bi. De exemplu, tasta\u021bi ? \u00een linia de comand\u0103 pentru o list\u0103 a tuturor comenzilor posibile. De asemenea, pute\u021bi utiliza ? c\u00e2nd nu \u0219ti\u021bi care ar trebui s\u0103 fie urm\u0103torul parametru al unei comenzi. De exemplu, s-ar putea s\u0103 introduce\u021bi show ip ? Dac\u0103 routerul nu necesit\u0103 al\u021bi parametri pentru comand\u0103, routerul va oferi ca singura op\u021biune.<\/cr><\/p>\n

\u00cen cele din urm\u0103, folosi\u021bi ? pentru a vedea toate comenzile care \u00eencep cu o anumit\u0103 liter\u0103. De exemplu, show c ? va \u00eentoarce o list\u0103 de comenzi care \u00eencep cu litera „c”.<\/p>\n

2: show running-configuration<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda show running-config arat\u0103 configura\u021bia curent\u0103 a routerului, switch-ului sau a firewall-ului. Running configuration este configura\u021bia care se afl\u0103 \u00een memoria routerului. Schimba\u021bi aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie c\u00e2nd efectua\u021bi modific\u0103ri \u00een router. Re\u021bine\u021bi c\u0103 aceast\u0103 configurare nu este salvat\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu face\u021bi o copie running-configuration startup-configuration. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 poate fi abreviat\u0103 \u0219i sh run.<\/p>\n

3: copy running-configuration startup-configuration<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 va salva configura\u021bia care este \u00een prezent modificat\u0103 (\u00een RAM), cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de running-configuration, c\u0103tre RAM nevolatil (NVRAM). Dac\u0103 se pierde energia, NVRAM va p\u0103stra aceast\u0103 configura\u021bie. Cu alte cuvinte, dac\u0103 edita\u021bi configura\u021bia routerului, nu utiliza\u021bi aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 \u0219i reporni\u021bi routerul – acele modific\u0103ri se vor pierde. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 poate fi abreviat\u0103 copy run start. Comanda copy poate fi folosit\u0103 \u0219i pentru a copia configura\u021bia de rulare sau de pornire de la router la un server TFTP \u00een cazul \u00een care se \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103 ceva cu ruterul.<\/p>\n

4: show interface<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda afi\u0219eaz\u0103 starea interfe\u021belor routerului. Printre altele, ofer\u0103 urm\u0103toarele informa\u021bii:<\/p>\n

Starea interfe\u021bei ( up \/ down )
\nStarea protocolului pe interfa\u021b\u0103
\nErori
\nMTU<\/p>\n

Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 este esen\u021bial\u0103 pentru depanarea unui ruter sau a unui switch. Poate fi folosit\u0103 \u0219i prin specificarea unei anumite interfe\u021be, cum ar fi sh int g0 \/ 0.<\/p>\n

5: show ip interface<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chiar mai popular dec\u00e2t show interface este show ip interface \u0219i show ip interface brief. Comanda de afi\u0219are a interfe\u021bei IP ofer\u0103 o mul\u021bime de informa\u021bii utile despre configura\u021bia \u0219i starea protocolului IP \u0219i a serviciilor sale, pe toate interfe\u021bele. Comanda show ip interface brief ofer\u0103 o stare rapid\u0103 a interfe\u021belor de pe router, incluz\u00e2nd adresa IP, starea Layer 2 \u0219i starea Layer 3.<\/p>\n

6: config terminal, enable, interface, \u0219i router<\/strong><\/p>\n

Routerele Cisco au diferite moduri \u00een care pot fi afi\u0219ate numai anumite lucruri sau anumite lucruri pot fi schimbate. Posibilitatea de a putea naviga \u00eentre aceste moduri este crucial\u0103 pentru configurarea cu succes a routerului.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, atunci c\u00e2nd v\u0103 conecta\u021bi, porni\u021bi de la modul de user (unde prompt-ul arat\u0103 simbolul >). De acolo, tasta\u021bi enable pentru a trece la modul privilegiat (unde prompt-ul arat\u0103 simbolul #). \u00cen modul privilegiat, pute\u021bi afi\u0219a orice, dar nu pute\u021bi s\u0103 efectua\u021bi modific\u0103ri. Apoi, tasta\u021bi config terminal (sau config t) pentru a merge la modul de configurare global\u0103 (unde prompt-ul arat\u0103 ca router(config)#). De aici pute\u021bi schimba parametrii globali. Pentru a schimba un parametru pe o interfa\u021b\u0103 (cum ar fi adresa IP), accesa\u021bi modul de configurare a interfe\u021bei cu comanda interface (\u00een cazul \u00een care promptul arat\u0103 ca router(config-if)#). De asemenea, din modul de configurare global\u0103, pute\u021bi accesa configura\u021bia routerului utiliz\u00e2nd comanda router {protocol}. Pentru a ie\u0219i dintr-un mod, tasta\u021bi exit.<\/p>\n

7: no shutdown<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda no shutdown porne\u0219te o interfa\u021b\u0103 (\u00een modul up). Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 trebuie utilizat\u0103 \u00een modul de configurare a interfe\u021bei fiind util\u0103 pentru interfe\u021be noi \u0219i pentru depanare. C\u00e2nd ave\u021bi probleme cu o interfa\u021b\u0103, v\u0103 recomand\u0103m s\u0103 \u00eencerca\u021bi comenzile shut \u0219i no shut. Desigur, pentru a opri interfa\u021ba, inversa\u021bi comanda \u0219i tasta\u021bi shutdown. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 poate fi abreviat\u0103 no shut.<\/p>\n

8: show ip route<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda show ip route este utilizat\u0103 pentru a afi\u0219a tabela de rutare a routerului. Aceasta este lista tuturor re\u021belelor pe care routerul le poate atinge. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 poate fi abreviat\u0103 sh ip ro \u0219i poate avea parametri dup\u0103 ea, cum ar fi sh ip ro ospf pentru toate rutele OSPF. Pentru a \u0219terge tabela de rutare a tuturor rutelor, tasta\u021bi clear ip route. Pentru a \u0219terge o singur\u0103 rut\u0103, tasta\u021bi comanda clear ip route x.x.x.x (unde x.x.x.x este re\u021beaua pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 o \u0219terge\u021bi).<\/p>\n

9: show version<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda show version v\u0103 ofer\u0103 registrul de configurare al ruterului (\u00een esen\u021b\u0103, set\u0103rile de firmware ale router-ului pentru pornire), ultima dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd a fost pornit routerul, versiunea OS, numele fi\u0219ierului OS, modelul routerului \u0219i cantitatea de RAM \u0219i Flash a acestuia. Aceast\u0103 comand\u0103 poate fi abreviat\u0103 sh ver.<\/p>\n

10: debug<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda debug are mai multe op\u021biuni \u0219i nu func\u021bioneaz\u0103 singur\u0103. Acesta afi\u0219eaz\u0103 informa\u021bii detaliate de depanare pentru o anumit\u0103 aplica\u021bie, protocol sau serviciu. De exemplu, debug ip routing v\u0103 va spune de fiecare dat\u0103 c\u00e2nd o ruta este ad\u0103ugata sau eliminat\u0103 din router. Depanarea poate fi periculoas\u0103 deoarece procesul s\u0103u are prioritate fa\u021b\u0103 de toate celelalte. Pute\u021bi dezactiva aceast\u0103 caracteristic\u0103 utiliz\u00e2nd comanda no debug sau commanda undebug all.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pentrtu a putea lucra cu Cisco OS este necesar\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea unor comenzi esen\u021biale. Aceast\u0103 referin\u021b\u0103 rapid\u0103 descrie 10 comenzi pe care va trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 baza\u021bi atunci c\u00e2nd gestiona\u021bi diferite sarcini de configurare \u0219i depanare. 1: „?” Se pare c\u0103 este prea evident faptul c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219titi cum s\u0103 tasta\u021bi ? pentru a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1158,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-577","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to"],"yoast_head":"\n10 comenzi pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu Cisco OS - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"10 comenzi pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu Cisco OS - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pentrtu a putea lucra cu Cisco OS este necesar\u0103 \u00eenv\u0103\u021barea unor comenzi esen\u021biale. Aceast\u0103 referin\u021b\u0103 rapid\u0103 descrie 10 comenzi pe care va trebui s\u0103 v\u0103 baza\u021bi atunci c\u00e2nd gestiona\u021bi diferite sarcini de configurare \u0219i depanare. 1: „?” Se pare c\u0103 este prea evident faptul c\u0103 ar trebui s\u0103 \u0219titi cum s\u0103 tasta\u021bi ? pentru a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/nav6718\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-21T13:56:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-02-22T08:51:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cisco_ios.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"636\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"519\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"NAV.RO\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@nav6718\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@nav6718\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Scris de\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"NAV.RO\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"NAV.RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/c0271febcae717bbdbc3b2c6dbdec20e\"},\"headline\":\"10 comenzi pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu Cisco OS\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-21T13:56:13+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-02-22T08:51:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\"},\"wordCount\":1038,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/cisco_ios.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"HOW TO\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/10-comenzi-pe-care-ar-trebui-sa-le-cunoasteti-cand-lucrati-cu-cisco-os\/\",\"name\":\"10 comenzi pe care ar trebui s\u0103 le cunoa\u0219te\u021bi c\u00e2nd lucra\u021bi cu Cisco OS - 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