{"id":586,"date":"2018-10-01T22:37:38","date_gmt":"2018-10-01T19:37:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nav.ro\/?p=586"},"modified":"2019-03-21T10:44:55","modified_gmt":"2019-03-21T08:44:55","slug":"cum-se-descarca-un-fisier-din-linia-de-comanda-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/cum-se-descarca-un-fisier-din-linia-de-comanda-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum se descarc\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din linia de comand\u0103 Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen acest ghid, ve\u021bi afla cum s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi un fi\u0219ier utiliz\u00e2nd linia de comand\u0103 Linux.<\/p>\n

De ce a\u021bi avea nevoie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi acest lucru? De ce s\u0103 nu folosi\u021bi un browser web \u00eentr-un mediu grafic?<\/p>\n

Uneori nu exist\u0103 un mediu grafic. De exemplu, dac\u0103 v\u0103 conecta\u021bi la Raspberry PI folosind SSH atunci sunte\u021bi \u00een principal blocat la linia de comand\u0103.<\/p>\n

Un alt motiv pentru utilizarea liniei de comand\u0103 este c\u0103 pute\u021bi crea un script pentru a desc\u0103rca o list\u0103 de fi\u0219iere. Apoi, pute\u021bi executa scriptul \u0219i s\u0103 \u00eel l\u0103s\u0103\u021bi s\u0103 ruleze \u00een fundal.<\/p>\n

Aplica\u021bia care va fi folosit\u0103 pentru aceast\u0103 opera\u021biune se nume\u0219te wget.<\/p>\n

Instalarea aplica\u021biei wget<\/strong><\/p>\n

Multe distribu\u021bii Linux au deja instalat\u0103 \u00een mod implicit aplica\u021bia wget.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 nu este deja instalat, rula\u021bi una dintre urm\u0103toarele comenzi:<\/p>\n

– Ubuntu, Debian, Monet etc – sudo apt-get install wget<\/p>\n

– Fedora, CentOS etc – yum install wget<\/p>\n

– openSUSE – zypper install wget<\/p>\n

Cum se descarc\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din linia de comand\u0103<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pentru a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219iere, trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi cel pu\u021bin adresa URL a fi\u0219ierului pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 \u00eel desc\u0103rca\u021bi.<\/p>\n

De exemplu, imagina\u021bi-v\u0103 c\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi cea mai recent\u0103 versiune de Ubuntu folosind linia de comand\u0103. Pute\u021bi vizita site-ul Ubuntu. Navig\u00e2nd pe site-ul web, pute\u021bi accesa pagina care ofer\u0103 un link de desc\u0103rcare. Pute\u021bi s\u0103 face\u021bi clic dreapta pe acest link pentru a ob\u021bine adresa URL c\u0103tre versiunea ISO Ubuntu pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 o desc\u0103rca\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Pentru a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219ierul utiliz\u00e2nd wget utiliz\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarea sintax\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget http:\/\/releases.ubuntu.com\/14.04.3\/ubuntu-14.04.3-desktop-amd64.iso?_ga=1.79650708.1078907269.1453803890<\/code><\/p>\n

Acest lucru este folositor, \u00eens\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi calea complet\u0103 la fi\u0219ierul de care ave\u021bi nevoie pentru a fi desc\u0103rcat.<\/p>\n

Este posibil chiar s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i un \u00eentreg site folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -r http:\/\/www.ubuntu.com<\/code><\/p>\n

Comanda de mai sus copiaz\u0103 \u00eentregul site, inclusiv toate folderele de pe site-ul Web Ubuntu. Acest lucru, desigur, nu este recomandabil, deoarece ar desc\u0103rca o mul\u021bime de fi\u0219iere de care sigur nu ve\u021bi avea nevoie.<\/p>\n

Cu toate acestea, pute\u021bi desc\u0103rca toate fi\u0219ierele cu extensia ISO de pe site-ul Web Ubuntu folosind urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -r -A \"iso\" http:\/\/www.ubuntu.com<\/code><\/p>\n

Acest lucru este iar\u0103\u0219i un mod facil de a desc\u0103rca fi\u0219ierele de care ave\u021bi nevoie dintr-un site web. Este mult mai bine s\u0103 cunoa\u0219te\u021bi adresa sau adresele URL ale fi\u0219ierelor pe care dori\u021bi s\u0103 le desc\u0103rca\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Pute\u021bi specifica o list\u0103 cu fi\u0219ierele pe care le ave\u021bi de desc\u0103rcat utiliz\u00e2nd op\u021biunea -i. Pute\u021bi crea o list\u0103 de adrese URL utiliz\u00e2nd un editor text, dup\u0103 cum urmeaz\u0103:<\/p>\n

nano filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

\u00cen fi\u0219ier introduce\u021bi o list\u0103 de adrese URL, c\u00e2te una pe fiecare r\u00e2nd:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/eskipaper.com\/gaming-wallpapers-7.html#gal_post_67516_gaming-wallpapers-1.jpg
\nhttp:\/\/eskipaper.com\/gaming-wallpapers-7.html#gal_post_67516_gaming-wallpapers-2.jpg
\nhttp:\/\/eskipaper.com\/gaming-wallpapers-7.html#gal_post_67516_gaming-wallpapers-3.jpg<\/code><\/p>\n

Salva\u021bi fi\u0219ierul utiliz\u00e2nd CTRL \u0219i O \u0219i apoi \u00eenchide\u021bi nano utiliz\u00e2nd CTRL \u0219i X.<\/p>\n

Acum pute\u021bi folosi wget pentru a desc\u0103rca toate fi\u0219ierele utiliz\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -i filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Problema cu desc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor de pe internet este c\u0103 uneori fi\u0219ierul sau adresa URL nu sunt disponibile. Perioada de expirare a conexiunii poate dura ceva timp \u0219i dac\u0103 \u00eencerca\u021bi s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi mai multe fi\u0219iere, este contraproductiv s\u0103 a\u0219tepta\u021bi intervalul de timp prestabilit.<\/p>\n

Ave\u021bi posibilitatea s\u0103 specifica\u021bi propriul timeout folosind urm\u0103toarea sintax\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -T 5 -i filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 ave\u021bi o limit\u0103 de desc\u0103rcare ca parte a contractului dvs. pentru l\u0103\u021bimea de band\u0103, atunci este posibil s\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 limita\u021bi cantitatea de date pe care Wget o poate folosi.<\/p>\n

Utiliza\u021bi urm\u0103toarea sintax\u0103 pentru a aplica o limit\u0103 de desc\u0103rcare:<\/p>\n

wget --quota = 100m -i filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Comanda de mai sus va opri desc\u0103rcarea fi\u0219ierelor de \u00eendat\u0103 ce au fost atin\u0219i 100m. De asemenea, pute\u021bi specifica cota \u00een octe\u021bi (utiliza\u021bi b \u00een loc de m) sau kilobi\u021bi (utiliza\u021bi k \u00een loc de m).<\/p>\n

Este posibil s\u0103 nu ave\u021bi o limit\u0103 de desc\u0103rcare, dar s\u0103 ave\u021bi o conexiune lent\u0103 la internet. Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi fi\u0219iere f\u0103r\u0103 a limita internetul fiec\u0103ruia, atunci pute\u021bi specifica o limit\u0103 care stabile\u0219te o rat\u0103 de desc\u0103rcare maxim\u0103.<\/p>\n

De exemplu:<\/p>\n

wget --limit-rate=20k -i filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Comanda de mai sus va limita rata de desc\u0103rcare la 20 kilobi\u021bi pe secund\u0103. Pute\u021bi specifica suma \u00een octe\u021bi, kiloocteti sau megaocte\u021bi.<\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 dori\u021bi s\u0103 v\u0103 asigura\u021bi c\u0103 fi\u0219ierele existente nu sunt suprascrise, pute\u021bi rula urm\u0103toarea comand\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -nc -i filestodownload.txt<\/code><\/p>\n

Dac\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din lista exist\u0103 deja \u00een loca\u021bia de desc\u0103rcare, acesta nu va fi suprascris.<\/p>\n

Internetul, dup\u0103 cum \u0219tim, nu este \u00eentotdeauna consistent \u0219i din acest motiv, desc\u0103rcarea poate fi par\u021bial finalizat\u0103 \u0219i apoi conexiunea dvs. la internet se poate \u00eentrerupe.<\/p>\n

Nu ar fi bine dac\u0103 a\u021bi putea continua unde a\u021bi r\u0103mas? Pute\u021bi continua desc\u0103rcarea utiliz\u00e2nd urm\u0103toarea sintax\u0103:<\/p>\n

wget -c<\/code><\/p>\n

Rezumat<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comanda wget are zeci de op\u021biuni care pot fi aplicate. Utiliza\u021bi comanda man wget prin intermediul unei ferestre de terminal pentru a ob\u021bine o list\u0103 complet\u0103 a acestora.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen acest ghid, ve\u021bi afla cum s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi un fi\u0219ier utiliz\u00e2nd linia de comand\u0103 Linux. De ce a\u021bi avea nevoie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi acest lucru? De ce s\u0103 nu folosi\u021bi un browser web \u00eentr-un mediu grafic? Uneori nu exist\u0103 un mediu grafic. De exemplu, dac\u0103 v\u0103 conecta\u021bi la Raspberry PI folosind SSH atunci sunte\u021bi \u00een principal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1159,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-how-to"],"yoast_head":"\nCum se descarc\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din linia de comand\u0103 Linux - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/cum-se-descarca-un-fisier-din-linia-de-comanda-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cum se descarc\u0103 un fi\u0219ier din linia de comand\u0103 Linux - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen acest ghid, ve\u021bi afla cum s\u0103 desc\u0103rca\u021bi un fi\u0219ier utiliz\u00e2nd linia de comand\u0103 Linux. De ce a\u021bi avea nevoie s\u0103 \u0219ti\u021bi acest lucru? De ce s\u0103 nu folosi\u021bi un browser web \u00eentr-un mediu grafic? Uneori nu exist\u0103 un mediu grafic. 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