{"id":659,"date":"2018-11-13T23:57:39","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T21:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.nav.ro\/?p=659"},"modified":"2019-02-13T12:50:11","modified_gmt":"2019-02-13T10:50:11","slug":"ce-este-transport-layer-security-tls","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/ce-este-transport-layer-security-tls\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce este Transport Layer Security (TLS)?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cen ciuda obiectivului de a men\u021bine comunica\u021biile web private, deficien\u021bele \u00een conceperea \u0219i implementarea serviciului Transport Layer Security au condus la bre\u0219e \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea. \u00cens\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 versiune – TLS 1.3 – prime\u0219te o revizuire care \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i simplific\u0103 cripto protocolul.<\/p>\n

Ce este TLS?<\/strong><\/p>\n

TLS este un protocol criptografic care asigur\u0103 securitatea comunica\u021biilor end-to-end prin re\u021bele \u0219i este utilizat la scar\u0103 larg\u0103 pentru comunica\u021bii \u00een internet \u0219i tranzac\u021bii online. Este un standard IETF destinat s\u0103 previn\u0103 interceptarea, manipularea fraudelor \u0219i falsificarea mesajelor. Aplica\u021biile obi\u0219nuite care utilizeaz\u0103 TLS includ browsere Web, mesagerie instantanee, e-mail \u0219i voice over IP.<\/p>\n

Multe companii utilizeaz\u0103 TLS pentru a asigura toate comunica\u021biile dintre serverele Web \u0219i browserele lor, indiferent dac\u0103 sunt transmise sau nu date sensibile.<\/p>\n

Predecesorul TLS, Secure Socket Layer (SSL), a fost dezvoltat de Netscape \u00een 1995. Versiunile SSL 1.0 \u0219i 2.0 con\u021bin multe defec\u021biuni de securitate care au determinat o reproiectare complet\u0103 a protocolului. \u00cen 1996, Netscape a lansat SSL versiunea 3.0, care a stat la baza TLS1.0. \u00cen 1999, Consiliul PCI a sugerat eventuala depreciere a SSL, deoarece TLS 1.0 a fost un upgrade semnificativ la SSL 3.0.<\/p>\n

TLS vs. SSL<\/strong><\/p>\n

TLS este mai eficient \u0219i mai sigur dec\u00e2t SSL, deoarece are o autentificare mai puternic\u0103 a mesajelor, generare de elemente cheie \u0219i al\u021bi algoritmi de criptare. De exemplu, TLS accept\u0103 chei pre-partajate, parole secure-remote \u0219i Kerberos, \u00een timp ce SSL nu. TLS \u0219i SSL nu sunt interoperabile, dar TLS ofer\u0103 compatibilitate retroactiv\u0103 pentru dispozitivele mai vechi care \u00eenc\u0103 utilizeaz\u0103 SSL.<\/p>\n

Specifica\u021bia protocolului TLS define\u0219te dou\u0103 straturi. Protocolul de \u00eenregistrare TLS asigur\u0103 securitatea conexiunilor \u0219i protocolul TLS handshake permite clientului \u0219i serverului s\u0103 se autentifice reciproc \u0219i s\u0103 negocieze cheile de securitate \u00eenainte ca orice date s\u0103 fie transmise.<\/p>\n

TLS handshake este un proces \u00een mai multe etape. Un TLS handshake implic\u0103 trimiterea mesajelor „hello” \u0219i schimb de chei \u00eentre client \u0219i server, mesaj cifrat \u0219i un mesaj de descifrat. Procesul \u00een mai multe etape face ca TLS s\u0103 fie suficient de flexibil pentru a fi utilizat \u00een diferite aplica\u021bii, deoarece formatul \u0219i ordinea schimbului pot fi modificate.<\/p>\n

Defectele \u0219i bre\u0219ele de securitate TLS<\/strong><\/p>\n

Defectele din protocoale \u0219i implement\u0103ri provoac\u0103 \u00een mod constant probleme cu instrumentele de securitate \u0219i tehnologie, iar TLS a avut cu siguran\u021b\u0103 o parte din aceste defecte. Unele dintre cele mai importante atacuri asupra TLS \/ SSL:<\/p>\n

– BEAST (2011): Browser Exploit Against SSL \/ TLS este o eploatare de browser care a profitat de o sl\u0103biciune \u00een lan\u021bul de blocare a cifrilor (CBC) pentru extragerea plaintext-ului necriptat dintr-o sesiune criptat\u0103.<\/p>\n

– CRIME \u0219i BREACH (2012 \u0219i 2013): creatorii BEAST au creat bre\u0219a de securitate Compression Ratio Info-link Made Easy (CRIME), care permite unui hacker s\u0103 preia con\u021binutul cookie-urilor Web, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd se utilizeaz\u0103 compresie \u0219i TLS. Un caz de folosire nefavorabil\u0103 a acestuia este recuperarea cookie-urilor de autentificare, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t atacatorii s\u0103 poat\u0103 deturna sesiunile web autentificate. Browser Reconnaissance and Exfiltration via Adaptive Compression of Hypertext, sau BREACH, este la fel ca \u0219i CRIME \u0219i extrage token-uri de conectare, adrese de e-mail \u0219i alte informa\u021bii.<\/p>\n

– Heartbleed (2014): Heartbleed permite hackerilor s\u0103 fure chei private din ceea ce ar trebui s\u0103 fie servere securizate. Serverele infectate r\u0103m\u00e2n deschise pentru a permite oric\u0103rei persoane de pe Internet s\u0103 citeasc\u0103 memoria din sistemele protejate de o versiune vulnerabil\u0103 a OpenSSL.<\/p>\n

TLS 1.3 \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te securitatea, performan\u021ba \u0219i confiden\u021bialitatea<\/strong><\/p>\n

TLS 1.3 a fost prima rescriere major\u0103, a\u0219a cum a fost elaborat de Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) pentru modernizarea protocolului. G\u00e2ndi\u021bi-v\u0103 la versiunile anterioare ca la un plasture pus pe un cod eronat. Acesta a rezistat un timp, dar \u00een cele din urm\u0103 b\u0103ie\u021bii r\u0103i \u0219i-au dat seama cum s\u0103 treac\u0103 de acest plasture. Lucr\u0103rile la TLS1.3 au \u00eenceput \u00een aprilie 2014 \u0219i au durat patru ani \u0219i au fost f\u0103cute 28 de proiecte \u00eenainte de a fi aprobat \u00een martie 2018.<\/p>\n

Implementarea TLS 1.3 ar trebui s\u0103 fie simpl\u0103 deoarece este proiectat s\u0103 \u00eenlocuiasc\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 probleme TLS 1.2 \u0219i utilizeaz\u0103 acelea\u0219i certificate \u0219i chei. De asemenea, clien\u021bii \u0219i serverele pot negocia automat o conexiune dac\u0103 este acceptat\u0103 pe ambele p\u0103r\u021bi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cen ciuda obiectivului de a men\u021bine comunica\u021biile web private, deficien\u021bele \u00een conceperea \u0219i implementarea serviciului Transport Layer Security au condus la bre\u0219e \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea. \u00cens\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 versiune – TLS 1.3 – prime\u0219te o revizuire care \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i simplific\u0103 cripto protocolul. Ce este TLS? TLS este un protocol criptografic care asigur\u0103<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":149,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[149],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-659","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ssl"],"yoast_head":"\nCe este Transport Layer Security (TLS)? - NAV.RO Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nav.ro\/blog\/ce-este-transport-layer-security-tls\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ce este Transport Layer Security (TLS)? - NAV.RO Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00cen ciuda obiectivului de a men\u021bine comunica\u021biile web private, deficien\u021bele \u00een conceperea \u0219i implementarea serviciului Transport Layer Security au condus la bre\u0219e \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te securitatea. \u00cens\u0103 cea mai recent\u0103 versiune – TLS 1.3 – prime\u0219te o revizuire care \u00eent\u0103re\u0219te \u0219i simplific\u0103 cripto protocolul. 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